| Info. | Vol.18 - No.1 (2024.03.20) |
|---|---|
| Title | Label-Free and Real-Time Electrical Impedance Monitoring of Macrophage Polarization of THP-1 Monocytes on Indium Tin Oxide Electrode |
| Authors | Duc-Trung Pham 1,Hoang Lan Pham 2,Hien T. Ngoc Le 1,My-Van Tieu 1,Daesoo Kim 1,Jae Young Kim 2*,Sungbo Cho1,3*
Duc-Trung Pham and Hoang Lan Pham are the co-first authors and have contributed equally to this work. *Jae Young Kim jykim85@gachon.ac.kr *Sungbo Cho sbcho@gachon.ac.kr |
| Institutions | 1Department of Electronic Engineering , Gachon University ,
Seongnam-si , Gyeonggi-do 13120 , Republic of Korea
2Department of Life Science , Gachon University , Seongnam-si , Gyeonggi-do 13120 , Republic of Korea 3Department of Health Sciences and Technology , GAIHST, Gachon University , Incheon 21999 , Republic of Korea |
| Abstract | Macrophages are immune cells that play important roles in the human body’s initial immune responses against pathogens and tumor cells. We investigated the use of electrical impedance monitoring to assess the diff erentiation of THP-1 mono- cyte into macrophages, which is necessary for immunotherapy research conducted. The change in resistance at 1 kHz and capacitance at 100 kHz measured were proportionally increased according to not only the increase in the density of resting macrophages diff erentiated by Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate treatment but also the initial number of THP-1 cells seeded on the electrode. Additionally, real-time impedance data from THP-1 cells after 48 h of cultivation demonstrated greater recognition of the resting macrophage phenotypes (adhesion cells) covered microelectrode surface with a signifi cant increase of impedance signal in comparison with monocytes phenotypes (suspended cells). Furthermore, during the polarization phase of macrophages, the alternatively activated macrophage phenotype was larger and fl atter than that of classically activated macrophage and resting macrophage phenotypes, indicating a correlation with a higher resistance and lower capacitance impedances at 1 kHz and 100 kHz of alternatively activated macrophages (4750 Ω and – 3.5 nF) than that of classically activated macrophages (2000 Ω and – 1.5 nF) and resting macrophages (3500 Ω and – 2.0 nF), respectively. The study’s fi ndings demonstrated that the impedance measurement system is high sensitivity and confi dence in monitoring macrophages diff erentiation and polarization. The electrical impedance, which has signifi cance for each macrophage phenotype, is com- patible with macrophages characteristic features observed using fl ow cytometry and a microscope. |
| Keyword | Cell impedance · Real-time monitoring · THP-1 cells · Macrophages · Microelectrode |
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